Beschreibung
Frequency containment reserve (FCR) is the fundamental reserve for stabilizing the synchronous area and therefore the indispensable prerequisite for ensuring secure electricity supply. In the course of the development of reserve markets on one hand and changes in the behaviour of market participants on the other hand, the question of how to characterize and model the dynamic properties of FCR has become more and more important.
Up to now, no harmonized concept or template for models of FCR dynamic performance in RGCE exist. There are standardized simulation models and block diagrams for excitation systems, turbine governors and power system stabilizers, which can be used for dynamic system studies and stability assessments of power plants and power systems. While these models in principle cover the required simulation scope, there are no dedicated and simplified simulation models for FCR provision taking into account characteristics and properties of the FCR providing units. Moreover, their time constants and limitations are usually not aligned with the relevant time periods of FCR dynamics. Thus, the respective approaches for simulation studies are rather different and diverse.
While there are minimum dynamic requirements for technical entities providing FCR which are defined in the SO GL, these requirements allow for a certain bandwidth of different dynamic performances. Depending on the specific technologies used for the technical entities providing FCR, these dynamic performances differ. As there are changes in the composition of the FCR providing units from conventional power plants to technical entities connected to the grid with power electronics, the overall dynamic performance of FCR may change, too.
Moreover, the required dynamic and steady state requirements for technical entities providing FCR allow for some degrees of freedom. More specifically, while the provision of FCR should not be arbitrarily and unnecessarily delayed by technical entities, in many cases a minimum ramping rate fulfilling the minimum dynamic requirements for FCR provision is set and applied for battery energy storage systems (BESS) which can be subject to adjustments as, in principle, BESS allow for very high power ramping rates in the range of few seconds, while the SO GL allows for 30 seconds for full provision of required FCR (dynamic degree of freedom).
The objective of the project is to investigate the dynamics of FCR provision depending on specific technologies, and to determine whether specific simulation models for specific technologies providing FCR are necessary and useful.
Taking into account the possible dynamic performance of BESS and respective dynamic interdependencies also between FCR providing units the question arises which minimum resolution of monitoring data would be sufficient.
Further objective of the project is therefore to investigate the minimum resolution of data necessary to execute a proper FCR monitoring. The project deliverable is a written report with documentation of insight and answers to the questions given in the list of objectives based on a research study.